{"id":"W2126582119","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.045","title":"When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quaternary International","topic":"Radioactivity and Radon Measurements","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":761,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"British Geological Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Anthropocene; Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point; Stratotype; Boundary (topology); Epoch (astronomy); Geology; Paleontology; Geologic time scale; Range (aeronautics); Chronostratigraphy; Stage (stratigraphy); Computer science; Structural basin","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001479758,0.0001666313,0.0002928025,0.0009273081,0.003688506,0.00389248,0.0004146128,0.001051813,0.01065853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003282057,0.000268082,0.0001503737,0.001102083,0.004190042,0.003304958,0.002085689,0.00167144,0.001235787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003515353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002603439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02513106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0573425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994825,0.0001214337,0.00002910696,0.0001024813,0.00006910843,0.0001953593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994606,0.00009574892,0.0001070387,0.00003737725,0.0001686709,0.0001305397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006734009,0.00009620452,0.06918041,0.0004172641,0.00007011868,0.001160384,0.1005837,0.0008787018,0.008096946,0.6977376,0.01483744,0.1062678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007000457,0.0002119773,0.2401036,0.001319323,0.00006367719,0.0005527955,0.06068647,0.0004040967,0.003887296,0.087923,0.6047176,0.00006011656],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7296027,0.01092406,0.004282225,0.03428144,0.0006886115,0.00004857735,0.0005523582,0.0001088391,0.2195112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865086,0.001844006,0.0009260922,0.001140559,0.0001369923,0.00001840361,0.0001348863,0.00008738913,0.009203074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02513106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04996955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1645785383653518,"score_gpt":0.4094783186535439,"score_spread":0.2448997802881921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}