{"id":"W2126699286","doi":"10.1183/09031936.00161011","title":"Age- and height-based prediction bias in spirometry reference equations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Respiratory Journal","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":211,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Medical Research Council; Australian Institute of Sport; University of Cape Town; Uppsala Universitet; Hospital for Sick Children; Universitetet i Bergen; School of Medicine, Indiana University; Université de Sousse; Universiteit Maastricht; Universiteit Utrecht; Asthma and Lung UK; University of Bristol; University of Leicester; Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum; Landspítali Háskólasjúkrahús; University of Aberdeen; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Integrated Mineral and Energy Resource Analysis; Imperial College London; Université de Sherbrooke","keywords":"Decimal; Statistics; Rounding; Spirometry; Mathematics; Age groups; Medicine; Demography; Computer science; Arithmetic; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001292916,0.0001671733,0.0002076242,0.0006524735,0.0001708253,0.0000526106,0.0001547035,0.00005141054,0.000852848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046968,0.0001460154,0.00006958158,0.000400298,0.0001978002,0.0002029912,0.0000742496,0.000815975,0.0001361137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002366408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003308983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009468257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007993395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977555,0.0006573761,0.0004678019,0.0003060352,0.0004767504,0.0003365898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988426,0.00007875694,0.0001395714,0.0003168496,0.0001588761,0.0004633495],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001031441,0.00103153,0.860842,0.0002550017,0.0001157934,0.01582814,0.0008180064,0.00002483694,0.01352336,0.000764607,0.001552336,0.104213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002119085,0.0003676403,0.9888442,0.0002171735,0.000033734,0.0001372521,0.0001162498,0.000151135,0.0003247396,0.0001056761,0.007458135,0.0001249439],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9539071,0.001276966,0.0006437089,0.00008494763,0.0001238404,0.0002385957,0.00001897294,0.00004726666,0.04365861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984887,0.00004361366,0.000461103,0.0004072158,0.0002865788,0.000004476226,0.000008394334,0.00004416171,0.0002558209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1280023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9338087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1528358489195873,"score_gpt":0.3194750732034936,"score_spread":0.1666392242839063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}