{"id":"W2127383634","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102313-025612","title":"Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","topic":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Argonne National Laboratory; TRIUMF","keywords":"Superconducting radio frequency; Upgrade; Physics; Superconductivity; Niobium; Particle accelerator; Engineering physics; Radio frequency; Variety (cybernetics); Nuclear physics; Nuclear engineering; Aerospace engineering; Telecommunications; Engineering; Computer science; Operating system; Beam (structure)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005869471,0.00007307796,0.0001547845,0.00002070276,0.00009845905,0.00002761873,0.0001565962,0.00001467948,0.00003098537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000155198,0.0000615513,0.000026867,0.000303127,0.0002347305,0.0005108728,0.00003548103,0.00005603661,0.00001710356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001117288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001124025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001792127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000151967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992839,0.00001856739,0.0001930625,0.0001237635,0.000159644,0.0002210676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996151,0.00002971536,0.00002038687,0.0001663789,0.00006553012,0.000102909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005459916,0.00009801958,0.01714501,0.007483921,0.00003162025,0.000006045344,0.005952435,0.0002239424,0.6712424,0.08059215,0.001749401,0.2154696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002757242,0.002122615,0.1735468,0.01857292,0.0004560383,0.0003815984,0.0102223,0.4284099,0.23609,0.00882144,0.1141373,0.004481742],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990615,0.006808643,0.00001917048,0.0001429665,0.0001039839,0.00005753606,0.000003631822,0.00005649556,0.002192623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944233,0.004906307,0.0003859803,0.0002428987,0.00002593251,0.000001482341,2.097031e-7,0.000008586209,0.000005354942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4351524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2509989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01158982696216782,"score_gpt":0.2449649380961289,"score_spread":0.2333751111339611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}