{"id":"W2127669467","doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2010.03.002","title":"Effects of buffer ionization in protein transition volumes","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biophysical Chemistry","topic":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Chemistry; Ionization; Denaturation (fissile materials); Globular protein; Lysozyme; Ribonuclease; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Crystallography; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry; Ion; Nuclear chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001133342,0.0007929021,0.0005768017,0.000587978,0.000669465,0.001707031,0.0008346607,0.00055188,0.008674493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00462652,0.000449133,0.0002511406,0.0004205193,0.001045375,0.002415828,0.001121915,0.001166016,0.0008703794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006500797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006476262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001082963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005417993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995872,0.00006547417,0.00002121091,0.00008610177,0.00007658314,0.0001633723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996516,0.002644443,0.0001440697,0.0001165256,0.0001961052,0.0003828095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00704867,0.0003669373,0.001627644,0.0002590074,0.00007033689,0.0004767424,0.000394132,0.009470516,0.9610065,0.005520029,0.000751203,0.01300837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001766245,0.0006927142,0.003788027,0.00003219146,0.00006415293,0.0001534783,0.0001857242,0.02836368,0.963013,0.002202798,0.001253474,0.00007413719],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851211,0.001962551,0.005295797,0.000391852,0.0001165215,0.00004145211,0.0002935426,0.000369871,0.00640731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977092,0.0005251055,0.0004492288,0.00006762429,0.00002370653,0.0000167211,0.0001371969,0.0001011375,0.0009700867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008674493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02901912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.001361648339356491,"score_gpt":0.1880540917789489,"score_spread":0.1866924434395924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}