{"id":"W2127793524","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1498775","title":"Earmarked Grants and Accountability in Government","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Block grant; Accountability; Fiscal federalism; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Federalism; Public administration; Economics; Matching (statistics); Categorical variable; Political science; Law and economics; Politics; Decentralization; Welfare; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01037104,0.0002116856,0.0005473421,0.001775578,0.003003704,0.008899078,0.000785597,0.0044998,0.01081629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04077326,0.0002695228,0.0002666845,0.003374027,0.009918519,0.007409527,0.004190179,0.004116959,0.0003638011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006647212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008272779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01304515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0175631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9911869,0.004746876,0.0003014026,0.0004666306,0.001026724,0.002271495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9547677,0.03289159,0.005625419,0.001596879,0.00293655,0.002181869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005381825,0.00007479695,0.006241675,0.00003049801,0.0000100223,0.00007610152,0.002146265,0.0009761322,0.00004491852,0.9777848,0.003578527,0.00898239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007985773,0.00006156643,0.0136376,0.00008508094,0.00002765242,0.00005575925,0.004991804,0.001587526,0.00019289,0.9544896,0.02476314,0.00002757271],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4520837,0.00500431,0.006843457,0.09666472,0.0008389297,0.00007404726,0.0002506872,0.00009440994,0.4381458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905241,0.0003704187,0.0001403571,0.0006490785,0.0001887165,0.00001277203,0.00001111234,0.000005451946,0.008097987],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01304515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05484796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007367317654145801,"score_gpt":0.273608860060108,"score_spread":0.2662415424059623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}