{"id":"W2127793524","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1498775","title":"Earmarked Grants and Accountability in Government","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Block grant; Accountability; Fiscal federalism; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Federalism; Public administration; Economics; Matching (statistics); Categorical variable; Political science; Law and economics; Politics; Decentralization; Welfare; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001931566,0.00006057958,0.00008534508,0.00001474385,0.000196698,0.00005593469,0.0001014067,0.00004843868,0.00002854096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000913974,0.00005541788,0.000025277,0.0001458364,0.00004657015,0.000298984,0.000008098873,0.000400491,0.000003621195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00172431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005032485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004821942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008802117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980762,0.00009479537,0.000152872,0.0001120111,0.0005042315,0.001059868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999792,0.00002174713,0.00006460837,0.0000505702,0.00001700588,0.0000540929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000235621,0.0002387937,0.214479,0.000002358131,0.0000153616,0.000004261906,0.004084616,0.00001332493,0.0001545296,0.5141463,0.000156267,0.2664696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001523638,0.0002769406,0.4178126,0.00003031442,0.00001461555,0.00001756648,0.0164342,0.00008347276,0.00005978199,0.5464784,0.01701927,0.0002492627],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881663,0.0008226,0.0007861257,0.002100156,0.00008033181,0.0001121329,7.804729e-7,0.00001070516,0.007920817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889951,0.01007188,0.00001242904,0.0002361498,0.0000835246,8.242906e-7,2.617752e-7,0.000002524253,0.0005972532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2662203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4911788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007367317654145801,"score_gpt":0.273608860060108,"score_spread":0.2662415424059623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}