{"id":"W2128767664","doi":"10.1177/003804070607900304","title":"Schooling for Newcomers: Variation in Educational Persistence in the Northern United States in 1920","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sociology of Education","topic":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Microdata (statistics); Immigration; Ethnic group; Demographic economics; Workforce; Educational attainment; Acculturation; Socioeconomic status; Sociology; Geography; Demography; Political science; Economic growth; Population; Census; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009312151,0.00005879347,0.0001095841,0.0002471763,0.0001711462,0.00001019077,0.0001321896,0.00008762739,0.00001760115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000549543,0.00005327338,0.00003072738,0.0004567696,0.0003063733,0.0001252188,0.00000544094,0.00009814971,0.00000268325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002192396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006206757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03117226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05683756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990224,0.000310546,0.0002621886,0.0001355723,0.0001053337,0.0001639379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986072,0.001006706,0.0001366683,0.00006645292,0.0001715166,0.00001147187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001077336,0.0002290581,0.7499906,0.000009274288,0.000004520713,2.577245e-8,0.2101342,0.0004306661,0.00002272903,0.03809866,0.0007740161,0.0002954788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002035552,0.00001563023,0.7587191,0.00001600012,0.000004812839,8.029652e-8,0.1658993,0.0001330641,0.000001748779,0.07344656,0.001505279,0.00005483644],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783637,0.0004955388,0.00007060463,0.01804946,0.0002910333,0.0003321172,0.000004122683,0.000004919686,0.002388488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985549,0.00008383288,0.0003067374,0.0002952263,0.0002209697,0.0001326189,0.0001276849,0.000003359358,0.0002747097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04423483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9752793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04692333971041058,"score_gpt":0.3338975054826124,"score_spread":0.2869741657722019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}