{"id":"W2128827539","doi":"","title":"Immigration, Low Income and Income Inequality in Canada: What's New in the 2000s?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Economic inequality; Demographic economics; Earnings; Inequality; Economics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007057671,0.0002144126,0.0004370399,0.0003820843,0.0001997104,0.0005346581,0.0008749867,0.0003425534,0.0000819816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001008435,0.000200371,0.00004798603,0.0003875035,0.000288366,0.0003324708,0.0003767529,0.001569708,0.00000268875],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0032251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008149841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9167691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9995876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957378,0.001745689,0.0007713669,0.0005970314,0.0004894151,0.0006586876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978113,0.001045604,0.0001932405,0.0006422076,0.00009716783,0.0002104332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008891619,0.0001254584,0.661489,0.000221831,0.00003097187,0.0000425941,0.06403913,0.01962353,0.000003885573,0.01498082,0.0002327143,0.2391212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001351161,0.000053006,0.7845056,0.0007963899,0.000006298031,0.000002491127,0.1001302,0.04989955,0.000003507777,0.01559414,0.04668274,0.0009748416],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869787,0.0002536734,0.000004433053,0.006018871,0.0003184711,0.0007930346,0.00002123431,0.00001017008,0.005601399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764525,0.02216527,0.00006155585,0.0003802289,0.0002144663,0.00008789626,0.00003770153,0.00001768368,0.0005826732],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2381464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02400807691133144,"score_gpt":0.3219358742877268,"score_spread":0.2979277973763954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}