{"id":"W2129601625","doi":"10.1088/0963-6625/9/4/306","title":"Gender differences in scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science: a comparative study of four Anglo-American nations","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Understanding of Science","topic":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ignorance; Sociology of scientific knowledge; General Social Survey; Public opinion; Political science; Variation (astronomy); Scientific evidence; Social science; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["sts"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002042386,0.0001176291,0.0002185647,0.0005885662,0.0008943324,0.0001766794,0.0006509447,0.00001536457,0.000525626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000158547,0.0001027762,0.0000202485,0.005547757,0.02510381,0.001083158,0.0002710477,0.00009311804,0.000006140722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001093398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003128346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000367442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007578136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976959,0.00007567117,0.0003064823,0.0006139143,0.0009186908,0.000389347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992622,0.0001090863,0.0001257601,0.000272312,0.00004059472,0.0001900423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005158689,0.0009690726,0.9447901,0.00001065717,0.000002515346,2.518786e-7,0.04977401,0.0000558764,0.001417357,0.002187076,0.00001024925,0.0007776406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002264481,0.0001409779,0.8923202,0.000006720805,0.000003274571,0.000001363028,0.1050315,0.0009011293,0.0001587623,0.0010825,0.00002546194,0.0001016658],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851303,0.00002108906,0.00009135297,0.0001640935,0.00006822388,0.0003581224,0.000002458644,0.0000108567,0.01415352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999516,0.000008005601,0.0003092776,0.000008334076,0.000002815299,0.00001365411,3.359207e-7,0.00000286409,0.000138739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05525754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9775493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1476767092510554,"score_gpt":0.347158489290871,"score_spread":0.1994817800398156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}