{"id":"W2129651715","doi":"10.1177/095440700421801013","title":"Review and analysis of variable valve timing strategies—eight ways to approach","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Valve timing; Automotive engineering; Camshaft; Engine power; Crankshaft; Engine control unit; Mean effective pressure; Four-stroke engine; Computer science; Internal combustion engine; Power (physics); Engineering; Combustion; Mechanical engineering; Compression ratio; Combustion chamber","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006363099,0.0002715625,0.001000255,0.0005797205,0.00003227937,0.00001067492,0.0005946447,0.0001617945,0.00001075246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001181301,0.0002184619,0.0003900044,0.00215539,0.00007210383,0.0004178183,0.0001707526,0.00050593,2.743227e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001404938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007635808,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003766153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.204243e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979321,0.000002886473,0.001155206,0.0002080318,0.0004290736,0.00027267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984821,0.00007462317,0.0005955632,0.0002007239,0.0005151553,0.0001318182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009256914,0.00005526241,0.000003082712,0.001238754,0.0005156783,3.179057e-7,0.00006066396,0.7821589,0.08546713,0.1303661,0.0000209444,0.0001039761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001707654,0.0005211897,0.0000907844,0.008594459,0.00553983,0.0001506934,0.0006077419,0.4522374,0.5258524,0.002633347,0.001229137,0.0008353578],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02965352,0.002609519,0.9667699,0.00009410478,0.0002108748,0.0003149349,0.00001934754,0.0001134544,0.0002143732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8595706,0.0005681494,0.1397597,0.00001879471,0.00003483332,0.00001624999,0.000001778988,0.00002615655,0.00000376565],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8299171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8908619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.015205951738787,"score_gpt":0.2333858862103902,"score_spread":0.2181799344716032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}