{"id":"W2129768690","doi":"","title":"A usability study and critique of two password managers","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":224,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Password; Usability; Computer science; Computer security; Internet privacy; Task (project management); World Wide Web; Password policy; Human–computer interaction; One-time password; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003178409,0.00004885446,0.00009655986,0.00004139567,0.00002874954,0.00005589084,0.0002303482,0.00001200501,0.00001008659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001283072,0.00004148718,0.00001928985,0.0001469278,0.00003188313,0.0001495721,0.00008385237,0.00002791534,0.00000520073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006708874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008507213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001107902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005288125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993305,0.00008434881,0.0001886273,0.0001883553,0.000128958,0.00007919639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994828,0.00006615355,0.00003259534,0.0003459453,0.00004508239,0.0000274895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003200102,0.00119369,0.5956169,0.00007026152,0.00002148397,0.000006737051,0.02204211,0.000001991449,0.0002772883,0.3747959,0.001351449,0.004619002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001545164,0.0002335579,0.8383608,0.00001607258,0.00001587651,0.000007939899,0.001654326,0.09382435,0.001170021,0.06085439,0.001991587,0.0003258623],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9194741,0.00001993784,0.0750959,0.0007193235,0.00005522091,0.0002421345,4.044271e-7,0.00006677519,0.004326242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981166,5.10529e-7,0.001353388,0.00008397455,0.00000766842,0.00000787818,2.028742e-7,0.000001627065,0.0004281091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3139415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1691798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.012791847402921,"score_gpt":0.2801893774213535,"score_spread":0.2673975300184325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}