{"id":"W2129980730","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.004","title":"Disinfection effectiveness of organic chloramines, investigating the effect of pH","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Chloramine; Chemistry; Chlorine; Glycine; Reaction rate constant; Escherichia coli; Sodium hypochlorite; Disinfectant; Bacteria; Kinetics; Amino acid; Chromatography; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002698444,0.00009441149,0.0001428846,0.00006000749,0.0001565495,0.00002190094,0.000144435,0.00004617671,0.0001918873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001148975,0.00004504858,0.00005094931,0.000380858,0.0002770393,0.0001524183,0.0001040103,0.0001324866,0.0001429028],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009952494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003842038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005673131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002506826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998091,0.0008973696,0.0001440535,0.0001844411,0.000423138,0.0002600039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995028,0.0001742172,0.0000296533,0.0002314019,0.00001946183,0.0000424233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004765381,0.00004371521,0.2810599,0.00003358671,0.000007060283,7.605856e-7,0.0002500886,0.00009581951,0.7159881,0.000009887054,0.00002381886,0.00243965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002875404,0.0007792321,0.3213928,0.00002679792,0.000008064276,0.000001827575,0.000006602931,0.00004300525,0.6765158,0.0008756791,0.0000275663,0.00003509493],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997146,0.00001312025,0.000046733,0.00008748752,0.00004295479,0.0004517456,6.107957e-7,0.00001753474,0.002193855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998085,0.000002673231,0.000006657666,0.000002796625,0.00002283845,0.00001707186,0.00001075088,0.000007367033,0.0001213419],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04033292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2101032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02197526137898263,"score_gpt":0.3018366757449694,"score_spread":0.2798614143659868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}