{"id":"W2130126778","doi":"10.1109/tpwrs.2003.821443","title":"Unit Commitment With Dual Variable Constraints","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","topic":"Electric Power System Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Power system simulation; Unit (ring theory); Electricity market; Dual (grammatical number); Electricity; Margin (machine learning); Variable (mathematics); Economic dispatch; Economics; Computer science; Microeconomics; Production (economics); Operations research; Unit price; Marginal cost; Mathematical optimization; Electric power system; Power (physics); Engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001566665,0.0002629996,0.00027116,0.0002080686,0.0001319747,0.00008461668,0.0001192778,0.0001323841,0.00009747426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001095773,0.0002429658,0.0000457448,0.0005359191,0.00005216746,0.0001851164,3.773123e-7,0.0002534262,0.0001765129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003209859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008831661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007656414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000174282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986927,0.00004715128,0.0003440825,0.0002331064,0.0003209775,0.0003620098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993066,0.00004607509,0.00004811876,0.0003803502,0.00008349217,0.000135315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001616893,0.00009461866,0.000007107347,0.00006171263,0.0001818572,0.00002112764,0.0002915565,0.9975094,0.0005261594,0.001048191,0.0001823119,0.00005978188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.06103109,0.01233844,0.0005237339,0.01139169,0.002223661,0.01298124,0.009607745,0.52465,0.2326071,0.0004588314,0.117478,0.01470847],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002765257,0.00009754646,0.9765481,0.00002515746,0.002272531,0.0006169356,0.00005357041,0.0006998263,0.01692104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979779,0.00001287764,0.001237459,0.00002509502,0.00001322072,0.0001450403,0.000005706194,0.00006974074,0.0005130059],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9952126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008631209271090732,"score_gpt":0.1925792035961298,"score_spread":0.1839479943250391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}