{"id":"W2130869324","doi":"10.1126/science.1097023","title":"Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":831,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Extinction event; Permian–Triassic extinction event; Permian; Paleontology; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Isotopes of carbon; Geology; Early Triassic; Carbon cycle; Carbon fibers; Series (stratigraphy); Total organic carbon; Ecosystem; Ecology; Biology; Structural basin; Biological dispersal; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002940876,0.00005142899,0.00005266714,0.00002741761,0.0006960343,0.00002806735,0.0004077449,0.0000290064,0.00009292163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009376158,0.00002767629,0.00004239094,0.0004017808,0.0005950644,0.0002120682,0.000004024869,0.0001010121,0.00000388764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004097147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001350915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002288029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02217933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999282,0.00003656458,0.00009997274,0.0001613149,0.0002328422,0.0001873108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995864,0.00007805756,0.00005935902,0.0002188313,0.00002152976,0.00003584131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001606846,0.00001980231,0.9708121,0.000002575536,0.00000792476,0.000001862159,0.00249076,0.002557318,0.007649736,0.0003231941,0.000002997816,0.01611566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001011565,0.00001669397,0.9922546,0.00000988587,0.000004559851,0.000004303284,0.0003102414,0.0004540127,0.002615782,0.004152059,0.00003630237,0.00004037935],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9726743,0.0008298115,0.00001495576,0.0007496881,0.0004558534,0.0000662217,0.00003805035,0.00001093721,0.02516014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999797,0.00001722141,0.00006956198,0.00005297845,0.00004289138,5.279718e-7,0.000001045107,2.492845e-7,0.00001844869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02712274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009036122507068796,"score_gpt":0.2037643091644167,"score_spread":0.1947281866573479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}