{"id":"W2131192988","doi":"10.11575/prism/30296","title":"Spam, Phishing, and the Looming Challenge of Big Botnets","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PRISM (University of Calgary)","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Botnet; Spamming; Phishing; Computer security; Computer science; Internet privacy; Looming; Spambot; Limiting; Malware; Lode; The Internet; World Wide Web; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00193691,0.0003930926,0.0004211397,0.001322139,0.002932491,0.004521024,0.000471102,0.002749753,0.003863527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006562738,0.000433941,0.0001984804,0.0008803965,0.00772522,0.008185695,0.002136939,0.003335835,0.0009868545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002211318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001670386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006096464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009589436,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991824,0.0002732812,0.00002289271,0.00006503284,0.0002945989,0.0001618125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958147,0.00220798,0.0004141554,0.0005611276,0.0005072471,0.0004946959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001384418,0.0001080292,0.01308768,0.0002556471,0.00002993201,0.0008069364,0.005473233,0.006593155,0.005070278,0.6813109,0.073364,0.2137618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000310432,0.00008818152,0.01086822,0.0004517424,0.00002527843,0.00160039,0.006201322,0.01522638,0.003177206,0.8048862,0.1573763,0.0000679256],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2823862,0.02949178,0.07217651,0.4029841,0.001255797,0.0001313151,0.0002243116,0.001228989,0.2101211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9218616,0.01103121,0.01952312,0.01434952,0.001317574,0.00004110112,0.00006825897,0.0001413517,0.03166632],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006096464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01604432,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01241068722386059,"score_gpt":0.1865947190986439,"score_spread":0.1741840318747833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}