{"id":"W2131325279","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.004770","title":"Strong dependence of rain-induced lidar depolarization on the illumination angle: experimental evidence and geometrical-optics interpretation","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Scattering; Backscatter (email); Polarization (electrochemistry); Physics; Mueller calculus; Depolarization; Geometrical optics; Polarimetry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004216814,0.0001009076,0.0001115138,0.000147802,0.0001367274,0.00006731594,0.00013905,0.00005307573,0.0001163339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002300372,0.00007692054,0.0000284774,0.0005435419,0.00005947348,0.0002057422,0.00001157227,0.00009462998,0.00001826667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009700424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001929647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004527955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005770131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989719,0.00005301285,0.0002332852,0.0001797291,0.0004311511,0.0001308743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991267,0.0004528594,0.0001567958,0.0001355829,0.00007821371,0.00004979425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005809122,0.0003822982,0.4387565,0.00008855502,0.0002671286,0.00001055578,0.008106042,0.02698522,0.1708774,0.03488311,0.0000606531,0.3190016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007107262,0.0007113181,0.4185145,0.0001534918,0.0001924712,0.000007229858,0.006642068,0.4715881,0.09942275,0.001490732,0.00002828799,0.0005383464],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834111,0.0001941951,0.01230647,0.0001491294,0.00005970278,0.000196833,0.000003899763,0.00001698942,0.00366171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982352,0.0001075291,0.00147274,0.00009393488,0.00003415079,0.000002966641,0.00002975882,0.000003144481,0.00002054425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4446029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3136729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04254127645033454,"score_gpt":0.2558484924371371,"score_spread":0.2133072159868026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}