{"id":"W2131731485","doi":"10.1167/10.12.20","title":"Critical frequencies in the perception of letters, faces, and novel shapes: Evidence for limited scale invariance for faces","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vision","topic":"Face Recognition and Perception","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Stimulus (psychology); Universality (dynamical systems); Perception; Psychology; Face perception; Intuition; Cognitive psychology; Invariant (physics); Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition; Communication; Pattern recognition (psychology); Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Physics; Cognitive science; Object (grammar); Neuroscience","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009018268,0.00007662956,0.0001463849,0.0001144484,0.00009963723,0.00008058185,0.0001729537,0.00006920101,0.00003961392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003230305,0.00005071209,0.00007195543,0.0001139142,0.0001675309,0.0007076036,0.00001419743,0.0002118417,0.000001661479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001458274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002529443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007951146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003605557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990891,0.0000719015,0.0003336883,0.0001371191,0.0002465734,0.0001216711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979742,0.001590907,0.0001702104,0.00006785196,0.0001567658,0.00004008859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001327291,0.00007878288,0.0003465188,0.00006443405,6.387741e-7,4.496941e-7,0.0009142273,0.00001089142,0.992115,0.000157017,0.0002872984,0.005892028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005978122,0.004735976,0.7442076,0.003225942,0.0001384021,0.0008143018,0.007512847,0.04137715,0.1794776,0.006478427,0.005374854,0.0006787402],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.972748,0.0000386491,0.01904264,0.007635838,0.0002151296,0.0002761847,0.00002666292,0.00000390253,0.00001299653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903315,0.0002102947,0.008305845,0.001018005,0.0001122359,0.000008857674,7.740618e-7,0.000005689772,0.000006787066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8126373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.386721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1185232966110582,"score_gpt":0.3823263300445852,"score_spread":0.2638030334335269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}