{"id":"W2132442183","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.113.231101","title":"Improved Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from 2009–2010 LIGO and Virgo Data","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Perimeter Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Australian Research Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Institut des Origines de Lyon; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; National Research Foundation of Korea; Royal Society; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Industry Canada; Carnegie Dunfermline Trust; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Govern de les Illes Balears; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; National Research Foundation; National Science Foundation; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; Leverhulme Trust; Scottish Funding Council; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Research Corporation for Science Advancement","keywords":"Physics; Gravitational wave background; LIGO; Omega; Gravitational wave; Astrophysics; Universe; Spectral density; Spectral index; Energy (signal processing); Astronomy; Spectral line; Quantum mechanics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007197388,0.0008425504,0.0006771629,0.003510355,0.0008635338,0.002773357,0.001446163,0.001372776,0.002673239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02194069,0.0006870142,0.001311249,0.002080058,0.0006154525,0.001347572,0.002677376,0.001202116,0.001192459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001191316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007811144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01245845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009960512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958365,0.0006947074,0.0003173305,0.00089512,0.001700862,0.0005553792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9858468,0.006859035,0.002384207,0.002365506,0.001967992,0.0005764842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002100042,0.0005066655,0.5653641,0.0006934536,0.00101909,0.0006038962,0.001596849,0.1560857,0.03722177,0.1307518,0.02195032,0.08210632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001765287,0.000283599,0.6332334,0.0004718267,0.0003609863,0.0007803438,0.0003716639,0.2237065,0.02731458,0.05483405,0.05801376,0.0004527684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7725564,0.002027706,0.1488601,0.001364331,0.00018569,0.0001563376,0.02120275,0.002096047,0.05155061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550679,0.0003255017,0.02305904,0.0004868795,0.0001011066,0.00009462545,0.01970426,0.0002182943,0.0009423997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01245845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03806394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05084539404508385,"score_gpt":0.3489782397701056,"score_spread":0.2981328457250217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}