{"id":"W2132523108","doi":"10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01131.x","title":"A geography‐based critique of new <scp>US</scp> biofuels regulations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GCB Bioenergy","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Greenhouse gas; Corn ethanol; Biomass (ecology); Gasoline; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Bioenergy; Ethanol fuel; Renewable fuels; Life-cycle assessment; Production (economics); Renewable resource; Natural resource economics; Agricultural engineering; Agronomy; Waste management; Engineering; Economics; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006750698,0.0001470085,0.0001442678,0.0002476558,0.00004218189,0.00001037526,0.0001420905,0.0001535354,0.0002017858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001873778,0.0001426268,0.000120421,0.0003728433,0.00007898953,0.0001013324,0.0000200957,0.00008612217,0.00002976409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001430632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002819985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004678185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001710724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992378,0.0000196392,0.0002193071,0.0001909439,0.0001142762,0.0002180461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999449,0.00001550543,0.00004205771,0.0003044819,0.00006261126,0.0001263105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008010141,0.0009515571,0.04806251,0.00188423,0.0006823069,0.00003218757,0.002629416,0.004193431,0.6685618,0.0209368,0.2012521,0.05073355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005008178,0.00009478733,0.01778471,0.00003593552,0.00003020593,0.000005279342,0.0001022289,0.002308305,0.7790489,0.001366726,0.1985933,0.0001288419],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9499841,0.002084362,0.01261505,0.0003743316,0.002030736,0.0003180123,0.00006076897,0.001264237,0.0312684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941819,0.0001330133,0.004427725,0.0001732917,0.000160698,0.000006866792,0.0000327707,0.00002643211,0.0008572874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.110487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5816151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01946831037262192,"score_gpt":0.2097432422712266,"score_spread":0.1902749318986047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}