{"id":"W2132558570","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2001.004","title":"Removal of Arsenic in Drinking Water by Iron Oxide-Coated Sand and Ferrihydrite — Batch Studies","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Quality Research Journal","topic":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Health Canada; University of Regina","funders":"Health Canada","keywords":"Arsenic; Ferrihydrite; Chemistry; Adsorption; Environmental chemistry; Arsenate; Water treatment; Raw water; Metalloid; Iron oxide; Freundlich equation; Arsenic contamination of groundwater; Langmuir; Arsenite; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Metal; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004116654,0.0005841472,0.0007635298,0.0004775194,0.0003681586,0.0004030523,0.0004772603,0.0005998788,0.0004735437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004228776,0.0002431329,0.0008196372,0.0005117471,0.0002415677,0.0002128143,0.0002047906,0.0003522251,0.0002705228],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004936756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003395325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01130497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01047617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995422,0.00007809827,0.00006667148,0.00009088565,0.0001587544,0.0000633802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997237,0.00007319101,0.00003917345,0.00002813644,0.0001113592,0.00002442845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002880914,0.0002344316,0.001021433,0.0001476081,0.00004195322,0.00004902589,0.00008736709,0.0006752954,0.9949189,0.0000337339,0.00005527563,0.002446875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002609745,0.001575436,0.006601986,0.000009076678,0.00007114851,0.00007907023,0.0001140874,0.003099594,0.9872777,0.00002277524,0.001098134,0.00002482031],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980845,0.0003186161,0.0007087708,0.00002138193,0.00001884925,0.00006004922,0.000186956,0.00002539562,0.0005755505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913288,0.000747517,0.005074406,0.00003090351,0.00001560924,0.00007021854,0.0004012653,0.00001258404,0.002318774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01130497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02247834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09856943083973864,"score_gpt":0.392268797315713,"score_spread":0.2936993664759743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}