{"id":"W2132798430","doi":"10.1177/0741713612442804","title":"Language Acquisition Among Adult Immigrants in Canada","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Adult Education Quarterly","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Language acquisition; Social capital; Capital (architecture); Second-language acquisition; Perspective (graphical); Sociology; Human capital; Field (mathematics); First language; Demographic economics; Political science; Psychology; Economic growth; Linguistics; Social science; Economics; Computer science; Mathematics education; Geography; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001794666,0.00007987148,0.00008180388,0.00007389345,0.000132228,0.00003949925,0.0001141809,0.00005446984,0.0003705263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005652165,0.00008519856,0.00002218475,0.0003100715,0.00003549674,0.0004858905,0.000002079388,0.0000861951,0.00005838301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005226145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001438476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9850367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.999202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989799,0.0001451432,0.0001951081,0.0001173977,0.0002593354,0.0003030964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993886,0.00003860404,0.00008508809,0.0001329511,0.0001812691,0.0001735234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005901688,0.0001609713,0.5435814,0.00001008504,0.000004798701,6.361881e-7,0.3816194,0.000002042749,0.00005798668,0.02926476,0.006585096,0.03870689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001679606,0.0000145014,0.5705526,0.0000292334,0.000005453639,5.049547e-7,0.4267823,0.0001568428,0.00002234417,0.000131147,0.001977812,0.000159322],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921315,0.0000758154,0.00003820127,0.001563827,0.001006606,0.0001848357,0.0000100716,0.00002718617,0.004961986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966193,0.00001649087,0.00007697434,0.001431161,0.0003432565,0.00004394586,0.00005945743,0.00000765984,0.001401718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04516283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4057004,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003604957679295659,"score_gpt":0.2583719666486022,"score_spread":0.2547670089693065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}