{"id":"W2133087371","doi":"","title":"The Financial Leverage of Insurers Subject to Price Regulation: Evidence from Canada","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MPRA Paper","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Panel data; Liability; Instrumental variable; Natural experiment; Economics; Business; Financial market; Monetary economics; Finance; Actuarial science; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002999413,0.0001161383,0.0002422534,0.00004741491,0.0002899178,0.00001939602,0.0003000551,0.00005170458,0.0001867783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004168176,0.0001087009,0.0000640248,0.0003180635,0.0000471464,0.0002017439,0.0000642935,0.00009780759,0.0001207221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001484694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001574356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3325601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2466318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988933,0.00001457728,0.000468869,0.0002788185,0.00009535631,0.0002491451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991415,0.0001355767,0.0002083227,0.0004127526,0.00005144732,0.00005038505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004437199,0.0001399288,0.7182164,0.00005931623,0.0001365835,0.00008506456,0.005961003,0.004497137,0.0004984275,0.1237268,0.1234105,0.02282511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001243994,0.00002584884,0.7330022,0.0000138605,0.000001788404,5.075527e-7,0.00001795419,0.00004876307,0.0001194558,0.001436387,0.26509,0.0001188317],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783036,0.003159847,0.001209911,0.001834347,0.0008945548,0.0002836578,0.00008100815,0.00001359977,0.01421953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962949,0.0007622752,0.0002419827,0.001011023,0.0001694876,0.00002587414,0.00000400393,0.00001182101,0.001478659],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1416795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7671152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02725063963902476,"score_gpt":0.1938169246900632,"score_spread":0.1665662850510384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}