{"id":"W2133110585","doi":"10.1093/jlb/lsv011","title":"The mouse that trolled: the long and tortuous history of a gene mutation patent that became an expensive impediment to Alzheimer's research","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Law and the Biosciences","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation; Stem Cell Network; Ontario Genomics Institute; Imperial College London; Myriad Genetics; Genome Canada; National Institutes of Health; Ontario Genomics; Genome Alberta; Alberta Innovates; Association for Molecular Pathology; National Human Genome Research Institute; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Enforcement; Legislature; Patent troll; Political science; Intellectual property; Business; Law and economics; Law; Patent law; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003882451,0.00008202108,0.0001443082,0.00008079471,0.0004696598,0.000263258,0.0003710666,0.00002473891,0.000008182775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001419471,0.00002984254,0.00004310469,0.0001080122,0.00080153,0.0005820729,0.0001211865,0.000128984,0.000003342401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003301424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006726992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001694496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002625762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987035,0.0001290445,0.0002136274,0.0001087249,0.0006668392,0.0001782193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989758,0.0001971072,0.0002639081,0.0001189117,0.0004079504,0.00003638238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04222301,0.00224256,0.02560815,0.0003450609,0.002738299,0.0004863947,0.3946358,0.001488641,0.03090169,0.2239113,0.1233235,0.1520956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02231695,0.008074883,0.02163302,0.0006931502,0.001709852,0.0009152067,0.3123226,0.02827368,0.05600251,0.05054072,0.4954787,0.002038692],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986978,0.005768931,0.00002416427,0.0040262,0.0006389808,0.0002936123,5.939253e-7,0.000003522402,0.002266024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998077,0.0001869087,0.00001634178,0.001208252,0.0002599391,0.000004731455,3.044819e-7,0.000004499563,0.0002420338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3721552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3612291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4290081838630524,"score_gpt":0.311640172872413,"score_spread":0.1173680109906394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}