{"id":"W2133315418","doi":"10.1177/1367006914564566","title":"Stop consonant production of French immersion students in Western Canada: A study of voice onset time","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingualism","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Lethbridge","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Lethbridge","keywords":"Voice-onset time; Psychology; Consonant; French immersion; Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Speech production; Population; Audiology; Voice; Medicine; Sociology; Demography; Mathematics education; Vowel","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003384179,0.0004499556,0.000308926,0.0008561976,0.001409248,0.0009175111,0.000558641,0.0003706142,0.001433533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001055804,0.0002891099,0.0002387508,0.0008351695,0.0006555636,0.0001892329,0.0005111317,0.0003376738,0.0003863561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003692004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004910863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8761638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9343573,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995372,0.00003334547,0.00001685119,0.00007281356,0.0001589697,0.0001808991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999119,0.00009646185,0.0001529497,0.00002034764,0.0004030323,0.0002082197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001872744,0.0001728765,0.929801,0.00005405727,0.00002172552,0.0008448926,0.0368586,0.00005430239,0.01094475,0.0000448345,0.0001776496,0.02083809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002444607,0.0001281583,0.9890587,0.000007546037,0.00000770415,0.0001958848,0.009537726,0.0000593174,0.0004394438,0.000004257108,0.0005510416,0.000007803168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996331,0.00004373491,0.00002631105,0.000007872302,6.992365e-7,0.00000459465,0.00004120384,0.000001519444,0.0002409728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985305,0.00008969379,0.0001140277,0.00001560492,0.000001194292,0.000007686185,0.0001352692,0.000002553489,0.001103505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1238362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2491308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0477235169159921,"score_gpt":0.4014182955673953,"score_spread":0.3536947786514033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}