{"id":"W2134355314","doi":"10.5539/jel.v4n2p28","title":"ESL Pedagogy and Certification: Teacher Perceptions and Efficacy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ell; Certification; Psychology; English-language learner; Alternative teacher certification; Perception; Pedagogy; Teacher education; Mathematics education; Teacher preparation; English language; Teaching method; Political science; Vocabulary development","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000877163,0.00004490356,0.00007755761,0.0001105283,0.0003254328,0.0001079528,0.0000386388,0.00004504169,0.0002081089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00143882,0.00004104968,0.0000144536,0.00008650027,0.0001171747,0.0001698649,0.000007845922,0.0002253297,0.000006114862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003488191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008300783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003803425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005047553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993221,0.000250631,0.0001620209,0.00006846576,0.0001175695,0.00007921205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992108,0.0001048721,0.0001511734,0.00003514118,0.0002249555,0.0002730611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001399828,0.0001555147,0.04819642,0.000007707023,0.000008937491,1.562091e-7,0.5044881,0.000009255511,0.00008637721,0.003378534,0.004216459,0.4394386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002678554,0.00004560842,0.1601893,0.00001856867,0.00001607847,0.00002795412,0.2139949,0.00003556558,0.00000191963,0.0001614155,0.6251822,0.00005868062],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9692338,0.001265742,0.00002608935,0.01364997,0.0003516718,0.00004381032,8.528707e-8,0.00000751329,0.01542138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839468,0.0004454096,0.0005495638,0.000252546,0.0008400395,0.000001122975,8.936277e-7,0.000004137374,0.01395946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6209657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2502999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1377835093339523,"score_gpt":0.5184487458649958,"score_spread":0.3806652365310434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}