{"id":"W2134478548","doi":"10.1007/s11538-009-9480-0","title":"Backward Bifurcation and Optimal Control in Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","field":"Medicine","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Basic reproduction number; Population; Transmission (telecommunications); Epidemic model; Bifurcation; Optimal control; Mathematics; Control theory (sociology); Biology; Control (management); Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Physics; Demography; Nonlinear system; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009432586,0.0001218232,0.0007383922,0.00006958783,0.00001875507,9.55517e-7,0.0000768091,0.0004164483,0.004019522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001103724,0.00008252138,0.00008047518,0.00004672165,0.0009062599,0.000006192497,0.00002870696,0.0003176501,0.00004962589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005703746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001997623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001734807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006727405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987997,0.0001116366,0.0006329312,0.0001946444,0.00005308663,0.0002079908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998017,0.001535557,0.0001154377,0.0001673912,0.00005256461,0.0001121105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004228343,0.0006254087,0.002113989,0.0004738439,0.00003227037,0.000003228245,0.00007697402,0.000003730787,0.0111963,0.9825201,0.00007507412,0.002456253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005219083,0.001886601,0.009108058,0.0003475701,0.0002280016,0.0002150881,0.00009495644,0.1251486,0.004880006,0.8504335,0.002137822,0.0003007968],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8313622,0.00007143531,0.14826,0.01155294,0.00004210311,0.0003878952,0.00001808393,0.0000181139,0.008287221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815254,0.00003650229,0.01800744,0.00029416,0.00001673373,0.00001864849,0.00001215106,0.000007719375,0.00008122287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1501632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01003688812918209,"score_gpt":0.2676015799648666,"score_spread":0.2575646918356845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}