{"id":"W2134591615","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0705270104","title":"Native language governs interpretation of salient speech sound differences at 18 months","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Vowel; Variation (astronomy); Linguistics; Salient; Phonology; Interpretation (philosophy); Psychology; Language acquisition; First language; Phonetics; Language development; Vowel length; Duration (music); Sound change; Speech perception; Computer science; Perception; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007620681,0.0002425166,0.0003774849,0.0003722656,0.0003087938,0.001131491,0.0002669259,0.0002932084,0.001635766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002252058,0.0002631267,0.0002520701,0.0000989488,0.0005636673,0.0004420575,0.0004216402,0.0004487707,0.0004479288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003732056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002999133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002873625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005946188,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995697,0.00006331041,0.00003175079,0.00008875319,0.0001271726,0.0001193248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985025,0.0004713679,0.0004258877,0.00007512827,0.0002426357,0.000282502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001166222,0.0002087849,0.1543545,0.0001869179,0.00004399875,0.002136981,0.007648222,0.0001702748,0.8090681,0.0008997686,0.0003043426,0.02381174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001674157,0.0005711123,0.943047,0.00004127149,0.00004084563,0.0009374145,0.002178436,0.0001827454,0.05097027,0.0003934878,0.001597603,0.0000230384],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998696,0.00020348,0.000186279,0.00001916659,0.000005097043,0.000003664637,0.00004784393,0.000008487707,0.0008299634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983457,0.0002498749,0.0002848031,0.00001987371,0.000004338807,0.00001246446,0.0001095927,0.000009459409,0.0009638669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002873625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005713761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03609480819454435,"score_gpt":0.3491238600393438,"score_spread":0.3130290518447995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}