{"id":"W2134768910","doi":"10.1002/9780470012505.taz001","title":"Zero‐Modified Frequency Distributions","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science","topic":"Probability and Risk Models","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Zero (linguistics); Mathematics; Physics; Statistical physics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002863438,0.0003221839,0.0004743367,0.001309032,0.0003270819,0.00177543,0.001462481,0.0007229914,0.006013233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.020913,0.0001994056,0.0005790402,0.000940166,0.00205628,0.003112544,0.0008632253,0.001529752,0.0007562782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001077898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003157363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007501041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003025964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981839,0.0006267618,0.0000753851,0.0004075099,0.0005773076,0.0001289847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9857224,0.008669584,0.001237417,0.002593868,0.001499744,0.0002768933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006571777,0.00003326047,0.003513439,0.00006549354,0.00002417009,0.0001739292,0.0001842561,0.02065093,0.002859155,0.9265609,0.00180199,0.04406684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001936169,0.00007302655,0.005640841,0.00004289883,0.00002062844,0.0008905139,0.0001046903,0.2563547,0.002718375,0.7217744,0.01229797,0.00006252556],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1536771,0.0006163501,0.8158876,0.0009391009,0.0002691236,0.0000530487,0.0002656387,0.0003564626,0.02793558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9504235,0.0003926927,0.03701097,0.0001945179,0.0003492711,0.00005212759,0.0002144939,0.00007643933,0.01128585],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006013233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02011633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04935839540679841,"score_gpt":0.3465158184022686,"score_spread":0.2971574229954702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}