{"id":"W2134768910","doi":"10.1002/9780470012505.taz001","title":"Zero‐Modified Frequency Distributions","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science","topic":"Probability and Risk Models","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Zero (linguistics); Mathematics; Physics; Statistical physics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003725645,0.0003855955,0.0007517973,0.0008304602,0.0003477585,0.0002127418,0.004201943,0.0004411465,0.003372986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008357936,0.0002736871,0.0002772748,0.002808279,0.003165595,0.0005584623,0.0005175954,0.0004094517,0.0006661519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002378747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003119403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002173778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004792224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931485,0.000136125,0.001077582,0.001355371,0.003575117,0.0007072985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959383,0.0005083488,0.0009177039,0.00184853,0.0003991956,0.0003879237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004748897,0.0006212936,0.0006763228,0.00004476603,0.00003457517,0.00002031473,0.001401967,0.0003575397,0.0006555898,0.564087,0.3946549,0.03739822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004910214,0.0001136977,0.0009454368,0.0001188674,0.00003506668,0.000004736101,0.00003446513,0.00004422886,0.0001696901,0.5950041,0.4025268,0.0005119554],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005656892,0.0002717919,0.05027863,0.0003542083,0.003729793,0.0005745974,0.0004736587,0.0001411413,0.9436105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2859074,0.001294677,0.02371434,0.000118134,0.002041338,0.00007493405,0.00006636049,0.0002741053,0.6865087],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2853417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04935839540679841,"score_gpt":0.3465158184022686,"score_spread":0.2971574229954702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}