{"id":"W2135008106","doi":"10.1177/0192512110382028","title":"Issue ownership as a determinant of negative campaigning","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Political Science Review","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Rhetorical question; Context (archaeology); Proposition; Tone (literature); Style (visual arts); Politics; Quarter (Canadian coin); Political science; Variation (astronomy); Negativity effect; General election; Public relations; Advertising; Social psychology; Psychology; Business; Law; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001737523,0.00008205125,0.0001983356,0.00007426266,0.0001692674,0.00003011082,0.0005230235,0.00003951795,0.00177414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004793544,0.00006252485,0.00008168517,0.000435608,0.001271681,0.0003602557,0.00005455419,0.00008505708,0.0003233711],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002583686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000429931,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02513098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003419229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977789,0.0001632746,0.0003825371,0.0002084369,0.0008072004,0.0006596507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985974,0.0002160363,0.0001212174,0.0001261377,0.0004538834,0.0004853385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000276161,0.00003693575,0.002457368,0.00007154082,0.000004402246,0.000002486681,0.000836329,2.251629e-8,0.000159423,0.9936276,0.0001067681,0.002694347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005392288,0.0006224643,0.05419919,0.01012359,0.0001796782,0.00003585383,0.00281735,0.0001293353,0.04116419,0.7578502,0.1312632,0.001075771],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08513918,0.0008176019,0.0001584774,0.02011508,0.00122033,0.0007266339,0.00001338779,0.00007889437,0.8917304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971911,0.0001571463,0.000249174,0.001326542,0.0002200434,0.00002182047,6.43603e-7,0.000003959759,0.0008295744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9120519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246121208614184,"score_gpt":0.4405502039121896,"score_spread":0.3159380830507712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}