{"id":"W2135592923","doi":"10.1111/irel.12007","title":"<scp>D</scp>oes <scp>N</scp>on‐Union <scp>E</scp>mployee <scp>R</scp>epresentation <scp>A</scp>ct as a <scp>C</scp>omplement or <scp>S</scp>ubstitute to <scp>U</scp>nion <scp>V</scp>oice? <scp>E</scp>vidence from <scp>C</scp>anada and the <scp>U</scp>nited <scp>S</scp>tates","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Representation (politics); Advertising; Business; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007336515,0.00008986219,0.0001362318,0.0007270991,0.002378993,0.00172543,0.0004452248,0.0003367245,0.03006275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002440866,0.00007849483,0.0001694982,0.001369382,0.001287358,0.0006970884,0.001289021,0.0006911459,0.001702817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005547799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008454313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.519591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7680733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989077,0.0001162421,0.00002802225,0.00008731091,0.000481131,0.0003796616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979108,0.0004369861,0.0005522531,0.000112972,0.000527031,0.0004600697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001635076,0.0003667687,0.3887078,0.0003196321,0.00004990021,0.0007216964,0.01394571,0.00129626,0.002958253,0.2617048,0.04981913,0.2799465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001706466,0.00008706823,0.6867687,0.0002059672,0.00002852107,0.0003919346,0.03649928,0.001337418,0.003228888,0.01054941,0.2608483,0.00003754198],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4909741,0.000670266,0.002583768,0.00576892,0.0001154399,0.00006314776,0.001379232,0.00005917745,0.498386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9383125,0.0003130399,0.0003847335,0.0003830354,0.00001206779,0.00001270192,0.0003622248,0.00001382586,0.06020576],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.480409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9664765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0476417351469307,"score_gpt":0.2986584505458227,"score_spread":0.251016715398892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}