{"id":"W2135809726","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1668735","title":"Judicial Ghostwriting: Authorship on the U.S. Supreme Court","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Supreme court; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006520924,0.00009676016,0.00009752539,0.00007042178,0.001521341,0.000195238,0.0004717256,0.0001433096,0.0006242152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001242177,0.00006547963,0.0001002359,0.0001739965,0.0002218037,0.0001819288,0.00002136389,0.00309349,0.0001909446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002281249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00174564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000470835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009030429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972046,0.0003013902,0.0001975532,0.000131612,0.0006398953,0.001524972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992105,0.0002378619,0.0001443222,0.0001515787,0.0001177349,0.0001379615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000241201,0.00003116042,0.0003649222,3.578362e-7,0.00001122533,9.260143e-7,0.00132931,0.000001160204,0.001181778,0.9808936,0.01131067,0.004850783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003254072,0.000132409,0.0007538873,0.00001699934,0.00001300955,0.00003125051,0.01056901,0.00004066348,0.0002429696,0.8375192,0.1501951,0.0001600499],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6690878,0.0001967105,0.0005263136,0.0750842,0.00174928,0.0002388019,0.00000142812,0.0001032325,0.2530122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931813,0.0002847484,0.00003633675,0.0006499966,0.002189885,0.000004248735,0.000001024943,0.00001150188,0.003640912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3240936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02238725323710084,"score_gpt":0.3009640141195207,"score_spread":0.2785767608824198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}