{"id":"W2135919709","doi":"10.1109/mwscas.1995.510232","title":"A multiplier-free structure for 1-bit high-order digital delta-sigma modulators","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Delta-sigma modulation; Multiplier (economics); Adder; Integrator; Noise shaping; Lossless compression; Transfer function; Electronic engineering; Field-programmable gate array; Computer science; Delta modulation; Bandwidth (computing); Algorithm; Engineering; Computer hardware; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications; Data compression; Pulse-amplitude modulation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003188532,0.0002477177,0.0002301362,0.00008634832,0.00007946324,0.00008858638,0.0002623429,0.0001573345,0.0006652749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005640066,0.0002197309,0.0001031229,0.0001733846,0.00003073126,0.0002548496,0.00002362692,0.000135377,0.00006121209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004725399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005710845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001305357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002582514,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989687,0.00000547076,0.0002214218,0.000245986,0.0001553989,0.0004030072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993383,0.00006990796,0.00002103681,0.0003703379,0.00006312328,0.0001373513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003155908,0.0001767066,0.001022866,0.0003592075,0.0008704935,0.00004739592,0.000994135,0.3014014,0.01666737,0.1673917,0.3394389,0.1715983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007309992,0.0004159016,0.001209668,0.0000655874,0.0002170546,0.00007683352,0.0003511526,0.7458736,0.01925854,0.1247159,0.09754691,0.002958933],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04360072,0.0003856958,0.945924,0.00001910922,0.0003451985,0.0003772204,0.0003154703,0.0006940484,0.008338495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962758,0.000008409984,0.001136912,0.00008445622,0.0001942699,0.00002787718,0.00004832156,0.00007221204,0.002151737],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9526751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8960367,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009810063612436994,"score_gpt":0.1691659080851501,"score_spread":0.1593558444727131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}