{"id":"W2136325012","doi":"10.5539/elt.v6n9p146","title":"A Corpus-Based Study of Malaysian ESL Learners’ Use of Modals in Argumentative Compositions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"English Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentative; Modal verb; Linguistics; Psychology; Modal; Mathematics education; Verb; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001635597,0.0002588738,0.0003234007,0.003396961,0.001590437,0.001095415,0.0003410511,0.0003443972,0.002341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006364614,0.000179125,0.0001149283,0.003001011,0.00103987,0.001566808,0.001337753,0.0004988853,0.0004329316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000805276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009951617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002639226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007499681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991743,0.0003415398,0.0001132625,0.0001292586,0.000195777,0.00004578048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944159,0.003611175,0.0008241861,0.000302699,0.000654224,0.0001917986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002855463,0.0008401239,0.2053881,0.001397549,0.00003406059,0.003421379,0.6147881,0.0003162913,0.0224557,0.004501219,0.003366446,0.1432054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003158257,0.0003739957,0.5268643,0.0006124361,0.00004916186,0.004523128,0.3615518,0.001741087,0.01827656,0.001030564,0.08485673,0.00008866443],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963346,0.0001674757,0.0003484327,0.00005635569,0.000007048563,0.0000332148,0.0002307747,0.000007700026,0.002814482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948457,0.0004359444,0.002139653,0.00003385004,0.000009214502,0.0001004135,0.0005943234,0.00001344619,0.001827428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003396961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008649945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01491099691441173,"score_gpt":0.2624705648982983,"score_spread":0.2475595679838866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}