{"id":"W2136835886","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.016","title":"Evaluation of zinc, cadmium and lead isotope fractionation during smelting and refining","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Refining (metallurgy); Cadmium; Zinc smelting; Smelting; Zinc; Lead smelting; Fractionation; Isotope; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Lead (geology); Radiochemistry; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Materials science; Chromatography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003479744,0.00007013655,0.00008806691,0.00003190627,0.0003741857,0.00001287016,0.0002715376,0.00003043864,0.0003832159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000298346,0.00004419601,0.00002428844,0.000159227,0.001720453,0.0002381113,0.0005807056,0.0001375753,0.000012172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001350534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001692794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001823155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003918307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984515,0.00009327322,0.0001920943,0.0002223842,0.0008939085,0.0001467827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993529,0.00005798197,0.0002259775,0.0003236808,0.00001138866,0.00002808274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003474877,0.0000236703,0.006350947,0.000002087043,0.00000611522,5.195319e-8,0.0005113864,0.03069485,0.9559585,0.00009194019,0.000002234196,0.0063547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001732308,0.00002608964,0.8225383,0.000004954941,0.00007014979,0.00001584747,0.0002030756,0.03998295,0.1362914,0.0006110127,0.00001794952,0.00006500721],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962997,0.00001806616,0.000008124945,0.0005800576,0.0001002603,0.0001391624,7.627548e-7,0.000002834907,0.002850982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991809,0.00001044414,0.0005005444,0.000008742702,0.000012804,0.000009651578,1.406427e-7,0.00000378645,0.0002729517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8196671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.633908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01274800026222763,"score_gpt":0.2434464168334103,"score_spread":0.2306984165711827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}