{"id":"W2137056099","doi":"","title":"Learning and Using Formal Language","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Notation; Task (project management); Matching (statistics); Natural language processing; Natural language; Lexicon; Reading (process); Set (abstract data type); Context (archaeology); Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004564354,0.0008565122,0.0002834523,0.0009523542,0.000728176,0.005834313,0.001259676,0.001088639,0.01707208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02209483,0.0002648434,0.0007851802,0.0008171675,0.003106163,0.01011164,0.003618707,0.001760042,0.003726625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001309358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001963324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000991742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006568293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968167,0.001369927,0.0002641974,0.0004760909,0.0008834418,0.00018966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9852515,0.00885223,0.001117116,0.003083218,0.001256996,0.0004389814],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001066859,0.0002795355,0.005362078,0.0006719135,0.0000279872,0.0004352312,0.01311596,0.003450267,0.008349838,0.480693,0.01119663,0.4763109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005362231,0.000272202,0.002786696,0.0007308508,0.00004222738,0.001446622,0.004675027,0.01449464,0.01421899,0.6499281,0.3112726,0.00007844324],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1317879,0.002296322,0.6531366,0.007992792,0.0003262324,0.000346399,0.0003622939,0.005280609,0.1984709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7511974,0.002389456,0.2043081,0.001275792,0.0001826337,0.000265871,0.0007474994,0.0006312484,0.03900201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01707208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0571118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01150407235646445,"score_gpt":0.2715581350154777,"score_spread":0.2600540626590132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}