{"id":"W2137380532","doi":"10.1002/2013jd021168","title":"Coupling of winter climate transitions to snow and clouds over the Prairies","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Snow; Environmental science; Longwave; Albedo (alchemy); Shortwave; Atmospheric sciences; Cloud forcing; Snowmelt; Cloud cover; Climatology; Radiative forcing; Cloud albedo; Forcing (mathematics); Shortwave radiation; Snow line; Diurnal cycle; Climate change; Radiative transfer; Snow cover; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Physics; Cloud computing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001876465,0.00007848613,0.0001936648,0.000007292701,0.0002043582,0.00005159573,0.0002675116,0.0000367219,0.000389979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000562121,0.00004763386,0.00009207716,0.0002202415,0.0006336401,0.0001897473,0.000218958,0.0003474354,0.00003484261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000488457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001831491,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002982345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002093739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984716,0.0001206134,0.0002868524,0.0001340606,0.0006771091,0.0003097225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984832,0.001001766,0.00007728974,0.0001886845,0.00007569677,0.000173322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004970617,0.004136256,0.2820878,0.00056586,0.0004525405,0.00005269599,0.02437375,0.1381934,0.3852547,0.06014596,0.0377501,0.06201637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001221352,0.00314822,0.863215,0.0003897035,0.00006383326,0.00002517214,0.001754518,0.06968351,0.004533042,0.04098056,0.01469057,0.0002945616],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949663,0.00001920255,0.00120529,0.002737037,0.00003803733,0.0001213572,0.00000570766,0.000003268755,0.000903803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988326,0.00004270917,0.0008383357,0.00009421481,0.0001054485,0.000003481428,2.476328e-7,0.000007827357,0.00007514562],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5811272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4269996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02930988046769051,"score_gpt":0.3211289500048082,"score_spread":0.2918190695371177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}