{"id":"W2137821158","doi":"10.1109/ccece.2005.1557261","title":"Out-of-step protection using the equal area criterion","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Power Systems Fault Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Tripping; Swing; Circuit breaker; Electric power system; Computer science; Line (geometry); Power (physics); Protective relay; Power-system protection; Relay; Block (permutation group theory); Control theory (sociology); Electrical engineering; Reliability engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001237483,0.00007926066,0.00008213698,0.00005462495,0.00004404273,0.00002178123,0.00005279918,0.0000572299,0.00002014046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007230389,0.00005835976,0.00003698028,0.0001134458,0.00001279853,0.0001060873,0.000009384291,0.00007649883,0.00001258169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007185619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004256598,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000660895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002665223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994839,0.00002364619,0.0001886852,0.00007561099,0.0001121353,0.0001160521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997713,0.00001067817,0.00002953674,0.000149641,0.00002754215,0.00001131042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001116632,0.00001758281,0.0001930687,0.0001267654,0.00002636826,0.000001758223,0.0002823657,0.02324646,0.9616089,0.0002723325,0.0009011377,0.0133121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001910269,0.0000373895,0.000442532,0.00005385237,0.00001480202,0.0000241241,0.000142056,0.8102274,0.1628938,0.000125268,0.02567456,0.0001732238],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2035988,0.00005103933,0.788676,0.00000947258,0.001329245,0.0002190359,0.000001410195,0.000249648,0.005865268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990383,5.340003e-7,0.0005525784,0.000003187341,0.0001696258,0.00001492706,9.609946e-7,0.00001687264,0.0002030337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7987151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2379842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03178599444800893,"score_gpt":0.243427647496872,"score_spread":0.2116416530488631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}