{"id":"W2138150299","doi":"10.1109/ssap.2000.870149","title":"Study on spectral analysis and design for DC/DC conversion using random switching rate PWM","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Advanced Science Institute; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","keywords":"Pulse-width modulation; Harmonics; Duty cycle; Constant (computer programming); Pulse-frequency modulation; Spectral density; Power (physics); Range (aeronautics); Control theory (sociology); Modulation (music); Harmonic analysis; Switching frequency; Pulse (music); Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Electronic engineering; Voltage; Pulse-amplitude modulation; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications; Acoustics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005146256,0.0002371109,0.0003818868,0.0003959457,0.0001616708,0.00009435742,0.0001093491,0.00006283651,0.0001439978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002002247,0.0002040232,0.000103421,0.0005019647,0.00001312097,0.0002840443,0.00001738138,0.0001285615,0.00003060709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009426698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000496142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002551583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009068039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988831,0.00006688464,0.0002665223,0.0002809054,0.0001585683,0.0003440256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993581,0.0002521563,0.00003753461,0.0002362817,0.00002624176,0.00008975428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005789003,0.0003545202,0.02081653,0.0001275573,0.003059042,0.00006620145,0.00602872,0.8643623,0.1005853,0.00006420771,0.001256917,0.002699835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003936907,0.0002405814,0.002236884,0.0000130234,0.0005721665,0.000002563049,0.0003417723,0.9552165,0.03708908,0.00001609877,0.00003499994,0.0002993921],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5654239,0.00004875898,0.4334673,0.00001049296,0.0001215176,0.0005116921,0.000001112473,0.0001554632,0.0002597393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911804,0.00003317435,0.008463297,0.00003506932,0.00007004986,0.00001886049,0.000001626246,0.00004024118,0.0001572645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4257565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8319824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03560145336095593,"score_gpt":0.2383150029788393,"score_spread":0.2027135496178834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}