{"id":"W2138657316","doi":"10.1109/tlt.2012.9","title":"Ontology Extraction Tools: An Empirical Study with Educators","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","topic":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Athabasca University","keywords":"Ontology; Computer science; Domain (mathematical analysis); Ontology learning; Upper ontology; Data science; Process ontology; Empirical research; Information retrieval; Information extraction; Ontology-based data integration; World Wide Web; Knowledge management; Semantic Web; Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03060519,0.0005858936,0.0009712207,0.004577843,0.004675492,0.004216819,0.001432175,0.001841457,0.002178623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1142256,0.0007105682,0.000483471,0.003624188,0.00288567,0.005777183,0.00337435,0.002549014,0.0006715581],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002369654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003713253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005006459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009467617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9831807,0.008742992,0.002013535,0.001475725,0.00346755,0.001119376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8323078,0.1275867,0.008833429,0.005182678,0.02126917,0.004820228],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003742443,0.0159238,0.3341143,0.001040311,0.00005554378,0.002629913,0.5277852,0.0003015111,0.00264247,0.001419527,0.00226225,0.1114509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002166356,0.003212465,0.1519086,0.001095296,0.0001451485,0.002481331,0.8005781,0.002902904,0.00676525,0.0009300245,0.02961017,0.000154183],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952044,0.0001596302,0.002193329,0.0002794502,0.000008796238,0.0004311545,0.00008304401,0.00002763925,0.001612468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988947,0.0005878056,0.007745029,0.0003047472,0.00001210661,0.0005939738,0.0002183993,0.00003440692,0.001556543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03060519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1618576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04537280766865238,"score_gpt":0.3298453082444168,"score_spread":0.2844725005757645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}