{"id":"W2138899664","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20664","title":"Coalescence efficiency of bubbles in bubble columns","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Mechanics; Breakup; Coalescence (physics); Buoyancy; Turbulence; Laminar flow; Population balance equation; Reynolds number; Sauter mean diameter; Population; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005198363,0.0002752536,0.000347397,0.0005705408,0.000182911,0.0004956543,0.0004523816,0.0002897597,0.0004772937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001551916,0.0002207884,0.0002545978,0.0002250326,0.0002924479,0.000582514,0.0003658796,0.0002574388,0.0001603332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001004346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002676124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003801448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00168333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997416,0.00003918779,0.00001059342,0.00006703931,0.00009546534,0.00004607316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996266,0.0002027376,0.00006620297,0.00002242461,0.00006001463,0.00002180882],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002772299,0.0001635883,0.02317158,0.0001101436,0.00007460061,0.0002684121,0.0001916013,0.4889574,0.4527002,0.006833081,0.0002083654,0.02704377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001352624,0.00007118822,0.003680951,0.000003231159,0.00001059526,0.00004957937,0.00001417537,0.887943,0.1074333,0.000480785,0.0002878741,0.0000117472],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9408283,0.0003405446,0.05738375,0.00004751145,0.000004784106,0.00003233002,0.00007607615,0.0001293943,0.001157189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997799,0.00006882294,0.00168537,0.00000448559,0.000001315274,0.00001580149,0.00005439163,0.000010748,0.0003600669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003801448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007558644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007909261955665317,"score_gpt":0.1526572442160205,"score_spread":0.1447479822603552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}