{"id":"W2139397807","doi":"10.1111/j.1740-1461.2004.00007.x","title":"A Broken System: The Persistent Patterns of Reversals of Death Sentences in the United States","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Empirical Legal Studies","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Sentence; State (computer science); Psychology; Political science; Econometrics; Economics; Computer science; Natural language processing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002020959,0.0001413848,0.0003149991,0.002871895,0.0009595993,0.001329963,0.0007654732,0.0006461944,0.00194976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01566072,0.0003949662,0.000277234,0.002775684,0.0008123206,0.0009485554,0.00199707,0.00141624,0.0003609672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001262275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009820916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07178593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1574347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980204,0.0005970683,0.000334802,0.000376659,0.0003455102,0.0003256201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9816278,0.003524538,0.01024173,0.001526894,0.001959718,0.001119304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007784815,0.00005288984,0.9917074,0.00001551118,0.00004719879,0.000071145,0.001155797,0.0001503341,0.0001227511,0.0002764894,0.001146608,0.005175988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002529667,0.00002107432,0.9980477,0.00001287646,0.000008844425,0.00005927294,0.0008908549,0.0003013242,0.00004683915,0.00009452298,0.0005057552,0.000008386512],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99718,0.0001851101,0.0001178609,0.0002863936,0.00000937336,0.00001322158,0.001580462,0.00001147438,0.0006161151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976681,0.00006850551,0.0001104303,0.00004564778,0.000006320543,0.00001052172,0.001910017,0.000004874151,0.000175627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07178593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1427362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1044547122618205,"score_gpt":0.3953407969997022,"score_spread":0.2908860847378817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}