{"id":"W2139720191","doi":"","title":"Titanium: the innovators' metal - Historical case studies tracing titanium process and product innovation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Society of Intestinal Research","funders":"","keywords":"Titanium; Business; Metallurgy; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00325679,0.0002798175,0.0002318842,0.002985537,0.004177308,0.00358052,0.001566567,0.002095725,0.003889243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00543384,0.0002980786,0.0005456512,0.005497626,0.002952298,0.002841616,0.003046242,0.001103029,0.0007014254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003888266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001447442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007456549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01840784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976834,0.0009819239,0.0001351018,0.0002390699,0.0006042653,0.0003561832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962746,0.002347695,0.0004568447,0.000386474,0.0003086074,0.000225776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006314757,0.0009470722,0.07425738,0.001555181,0.0001180621,0.04334427,0.5168434,0.004547384,0.006949245,0.1671233,0.009724091,0.1739592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007867999,0.0008269603,0.05049766,0.0008666102,0.0001849902,0.01367422,0.3716044,0.003989351,0.01168261,0.0166359,0.5298233,0.0001353459],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9217427,0.002356392,0.003957972,0.00121652,0.00005343506,0.0001514536,0.0002425982,0.000028663,0.07025018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785299,0.002737788,0.003820432,0.0001391635,0.00002560195,0.00007108446,0.0001453928,0.00002192296,0.01450883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9958227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02821147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04953398592384298,"score_gpt":0.2644060887762664,"score_spread":0.2148721028524234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}