{"id":"W2140137660","doi":"10.1364/oe.15.009755","title":"A novel approach for simulating light interaction with particulate materials: application to the modeling of sand spectral properties","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; Remote sensing; Optics; Reflectivity; Particulates; Spectral imaging; Materials science; Environmental science; Computer science; Geology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002082308,0.0005129402,0.0004422733,0.0003777312,0.0004036828,0.0006338237,0.0008899329,0.001346805,0.0008047977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000655372,0.0003006783,0.0007685887,0.0002924209,0.0004340407,0.0007515469,0.000498886,0.0006481344,0.0002137958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006185026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008099033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00807724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005890664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999898,0.00001956838,0.000005224057,0.00001921062,0.00004658296,0.00001139584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998025,0.00009728195,0.00001937446,0.00002006175,0.00004298272,0.00001764362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001777985,0.00004458495,0.0005921979,0.00003370682,0.00001628713,0.0001151966,0.00005363984,0.9693572,0.01674376,0.006480129,0.0001840397,0.006361553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002212358,0.000005507923,0.00003255374,0.000001070335,0.000002241287,0.00001484722,0.000005001346,0.9981065,0.001065662,0.0004901019,0.0002712932,0.000003017595],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03534374,0.00007780512,0.9620864,0.000102259,0.00003585069,0.00003909676,0.00005537413,0.0002870736,0.001972362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7311849,0.000405115,0.2620577,0.0001070573,0.00004728868,0.000227636,0.0001389918,0.0001867363,0.005644608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00807724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01606041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02743340120052874,"score_gpt":0.2530697961979414,"score_spread":0.2256363949974127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}