{"id":"W2140191896","doi":"10.1890/07-1954.1","title":"Grazers, browsers, and fire influence the extent and spatial pattern of tree cover in the Serengeti","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":199,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Florida; University of Florida Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecology; Herbivore; Population; Fire regime; Ecosystem; Vegetation (pathology); Fire ecology; Geography; Wildebeest; Biodiversity; Spatial heterogeneity; Biology; National park","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001590721,0.00005625339,0.00007133908,0.000006342966,0.0001744911,0.000008149372,0.000137399,0.0000419787,0.00007903734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002249842,0.00003039023,0.00001286644,0.00009618572,0.0003336516,0.00003493706,0.00006865752,0.00009383277,0.00001891438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001311771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001959375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001059188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00168387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995354,0.0000493044,0.0001194091,0.0001405959,0.00006296948,0.0000923423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999588,0.0002329178,0.00004806336,0.0001095319,0.000004575845,0.00001696709],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005644914,0.0002371392,0.9398946,0.000003515411,0.000005367124,9.501765e-7,0.0009960354,0.0006809208,0.00016486,0.002511694,0.0003510956,0.0551482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001039363,0.00007418854,0.9904259,0.000001073976,0.000006552141,0.00000238773,0.0001307949,0.001449947,0.000003914713,0.006988532,0.0007740218,0.00003877533],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907295,0.00007701603,0.0005903104,0.006769782,0.000004694304,0.0003600731,0.000004154456,0.00000633676,0.001458176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982419,0.0001536355,0.00008075825,0.0013414,0.000005983745,0.0001334125,0.00000218176,9.948237e-7,0.0000397498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05510943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1342062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007171459456208748,"score_gpt":0.2238951774829022,"score_spread":0.2167237180266934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}