{"id":"W2140311025","doi":"10.1109/ted.2006.881053","title":"An Approach to Improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Active Pixel Sensor for Low-Light-Level Applications","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reset (finance); CMOS; Noise (video); Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging); SIGNAL (programming language); Electronic engineering; Photodetector; Computer science; Node (physics); Image sensor; Pixel; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Optoelectronics; Physics; Telecommunications; Acoustics; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004527995,0.0007527393,0.0004423403,0.0003975986,0.000247489,0.0006509539,0.0008166097,0.0006042715,0.0008201767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009909228,0.0003379628,0.0004669182,0.0002720949,0.0003481132,0.0007697993,0.0003666102,0.0007530065,0.000390732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003377045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003519984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001844724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003984912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996762,0.00004577479,0.00001845103,0.00007104276,0.0001704661,0.00001806033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996338,0.0001257481,0.00006491206,0.00004583033,0.000115421,0.00001422348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004766305,0.00003833876,0.0001923076,0.00009332027,0.0000150437,0.00003851073,0.00003567045,0.002035178,0.9705839,0.002717245,0.0001059019,0.02409688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001519673,0.0003731342,0.0004729644,0.00001065789,0.00004232606,0.0002770008,0.00001124294,0.04766731,0.9464045,0.0009567054,0.003749327,0.00001954693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0966133,0.0008600347,0.8988577,0.0003050645,0.00007178999,0.00007936877,0.00003352749,0.0006618481,0.002517357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4403917,0.000831903,0.5555748,0.0001943274,0.00007307434,0.00008997748,0.00005989193,0.0001149982,0.002669294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008201767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002743781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007780634871971803,"score_gpt":0.225877943021343,"score_spread":0.2180973081493712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}