{"id":"W2140721493","doi":"10.1167/11.5.2","title":"Classification images: A review","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Vision","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Pattern recognition (psychology); Principal component analysis; Observer (physics); Curse of dimensionality; Image processing; Psychophysics; Machine learning; Perception; Image (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008954423,0.0002244919,0.001070873,0.0002436313,0.00007999856,0.0000615047,0.0004927592,0.0001651775,0.0008917052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007125709,0.0001417524,0.0005611468,0.0003783987,0.00003913385,0.0002964025,0.00004344987,0.0005620556,0.0005150712],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006826539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002178035,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.304118e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.01621e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977527,0.0004554421,0.001057688,0.0002248262,0.0003735602,0.0001357474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973833,0.0001089541,0.002011992,0.0002372962,0.0001387223,0.000119767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003265001,0.00005952117,6.671081e-9,0.01762217,0.000002821296,0.0000112749,0.00001280832,3.883186e-9,0.0005345378,0.0001568372,0.009229726,0.972367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005889397,0.0002089603,8.261217e-7,0.1187456,0.0002506864,0.0005946547,0.000002352041,0.0000016926,0.00002476932,0.0001907841,0.8797946,0.0001262005],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[2.895008e-7,0.9969006,0.0003836825,0.00007171431,0.0005703511,0.0002116663,0.000005328231,0.00001695287,0.001839455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00000510321,0.998175,0.0003617184,0.0006058022,0.000195761,0.000003946529,0.000002604558,0.00003162553,0.0006184267],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9722408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9763547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2652969467840312,"score_gpt":0.4665862520625875,"score_spread":0.2012893052785564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}