{"id":"W2141077230","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v4n4p101","title":"African Underdevelopment and the Multinationals – A Political Commentary","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Development","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Underdevelopment; Politics; Political science; Development economics; Economics; Political economy; Economic growth; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002948194,0.0001126158,0.000192166,0.0002177828,0.0006770301,0.00007985502,0.0003229322,0.00004576954,0.0002663424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003527368,0.00007618573,0.00005285021,0.0002032002,0.0004078663,0.0003016202,0.0001308404,0.0001618622,0.000006141626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006616831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001101369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003171669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005024548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980243,0.0001818733,0.0005275729,0.0001005803,0.0007120374,0.0004536073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984674,0.0002538658,0.000263062,0.00005081691,0.0007814434,0.0001833724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001561656,0.00008918534,0.002986549,0.00001157031,0.000115651,0.00009121373,0.07274867,2.94088e-7,0.000001143127,0.9186272,0.004025923,0.001146414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002716165,0.00004590939,0.0945594,0.00006322104,0.00003026735,0.00004265914,0.2964438,0.000005077975,0.0003257045,0.1001147,0.5053737,0.0002793634],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3780766,0.000664384,0.001958257,0.1982032,0.001063497,0.001388129,0.000001793377,0.00005430332,0.4185899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982815,0.00005899794,0.009931983,0.002364551,0.000121141,0.00001667939,0.000001300823,0.000007732677,0.004682648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8185126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5207236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02522395128643315,"score_gpt":0.2752509622503921,"score_spread":0.250027010963959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}