{"id":"W2141137207","doi":"10.1111/add.12075","title":"Income, income inequality and youth smoking in low‐ and middle‐income countries","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Addiction","topic":"Health disparities and outcomes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Impact; University of Waterloo; University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"World Health Organization","keywords":"Decile; Youth smoking; Gross domestic product; Economic inequality; Odds; Economics; Gini coefficient; Per capita; Demographic economics; Demography; Income distribution; Per capita income; Inequality; Total personal income; Distribution (mathematics); Logistic regression; Gross income; Tobacco control; Population; Medicine; Economic growth; Public health; Mathematics; Public economics; Sociology; State income tax; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009758227,0.0001764728,0.0002988669,0.001086121,0.0003643574,0.0006537579,0.0002206968,0.0002616222,0.001356605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002737111,0.0001521704,0.0004398606,0.001078323,0.0003353194,0.0004275173,0.0008019919,0.0005234418,0.0001327511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002260976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002537893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007009678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008014609,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994912,0.0001953056,0.00004376125,0.00005511103,0.00008130843,0.0001333301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981187,0.0004588673,0.0008300376,0.00007986433,0.0001440035,0.0003685174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001741817,0.00001099987,0.9989343,0.000006526584,0.00004544419,0.00002029978,0.00005598021,0.00005081792,0.0000191023,0.00005651276,0.00003030026,0.0007523492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.559288e-7,0.00001450469,0.9994882,0.00001215849,0.00001398697,0.00003101302,0.0001405905,0.000160234,0.00001328226,0.00004279025,0.00008099127,0.000001283585],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980587,0.0008543766,0.0001269862,0.0001049297,0.000006723561,0.000004399652,0.0002495935,0.000001702957,0.0005925362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995176,0.0002060451,0.00004851494,0.00001341493,0.000006287543,0.0000029666,0.0001646232,5.981879e-7,0.00003994104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007009678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01393777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03484052458547451,"score_gpt":0.31643234314936,"score_spread":0.2815918185638855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}