{"id":"W2141137207","doi":"10.1111/add.12075","title":"Income, income inequality and youth smoking in low‐ and middle‐income countries","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Addiction","topic":"Health disparities and outcomes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Impact; University of Waterloo; University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"World Health Organization","keywords":"Decile; Youth smoking; Gross domestic product; Economic inequality; Odds; Economics; Gini coefficient; Per capita; Demographic economics; Demography; Income distribution; Per capita income; Inequality; Total personal income; Distribution (mathematics); Logistic regression; Gross income; Tobacco control; Population; Medicine; Economic growth; Public health; Mathematics; Public economics; Sociology; State income tax; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001600015,0.00009369548,0.0001770645,0.0000993745,0.0004428074,0.0000744049,0.00005752184,0.0001312743,0.00006043977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002288408,0.00009087926,0.00001817538,0.0001996555,0.0001747058,0.0006480185,0.00004423898,0.0001485192,0.000005532739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001679765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005944834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02154177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007582775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987049,0.0002059674,0.0002749333,0.000140373,0.0002389458,0.0004348715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993829,0.0002058989,0.00008590228,0.00009120205,0.00003230154,0.0002017903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001055244,0.00001120801,0.9652077,0.0001082162,0.000004670458,3.982337e-7,0.01700739,4.103942e-7,1.245392e-7,0.01705904,0.000004672513,0.0005856021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002762652,0.00001279301,0.9906325,0.0002867894,0.00001044735,7.29404e-7,0.005672841,0.000009299781,0.000004340922,0.0004826389,0.002503841,0.0001075265],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947761,0.001529062,0.00002042028,0.000723502,0.0005782138,0.0001624952,0.00003224625,0.00005452626,0.002123471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982008,0.000907891,0.00003027736,0.0004666306,0.0002911155,0.000009676472,0.000006744158,0.000007370138,0.00007946111],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02542477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9849738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03484052458547451,"score_gpt":0.31643234314936,"score_spread":0.2815918185638855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}