{"id":"W2141518427","doi":"10.1109/temc.2010.2045159","title":"DC Component From Pantograph Arcing in AC Traction System—Influencing Parameters, Impact, and Mitigation Techniques","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","topic":"Electrical Contact Performance and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bombardier (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Pantograph; Catenary; Electric arc; Traction (geology); Electrical engineering; Voltage; EMI; Harmonics; Power factor; Waveform; Traction substation; Automotive engineering; Pre-charge; Engineering; Overhead line; Electromagnetic interference; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Voltage optimisation; Structural engineering; Transformer","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020626,0.0002538463,0.0003639741,0.0003698188,0.000109755,0.00003621585,0.0001006266,0.0001144557,0.00004760743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002922503,0.0002488155,0.0001394056,0.0005651706,0.00004211565,0.0002720372,8.343508e-7,0.0004684402,0.000004739065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000360868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001990666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004377571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001395097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985465,0.00009705347,0.0004746208,0.000338885,0.0001822167,0.0003606569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993697,0.0001268194,0.00005990335,0.0002969204,0.00003810753,0.0001085405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002813454,0.0005344196,0.02267935,0.0002528764,0.0002633932,0.00001208742,0.002072263,0.01008019,0.8205791,0.000008824132,0.000007296593,0.1432289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004617042,0.000823035,0.2378585,0.0001671668,0.0001604598,0.00001070697,0.0001715295,0.2967088,0.4629931,0.000231864,0.000001758872,0.0004114104],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9493495,0.0001774903,0.04954427,0.000006774614,0.00005795849,0.0003149907,0.00001401275,0.000379916,0.0001550941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998224,0.0001327642,0.00152349,0.00001190981,0.00001250794,0.00006368257,0.000008240929,0.00002175443,0.000001650216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.357586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01165458521247895,"score_gpt":0.2116845058117952,"score_spread":0.2000299205993162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}