{"id":"W2141914772","doi":"10.18806/tesl.v31i1.1167","title":"Perceptions of People in Canada: Canadian-Born vs. Internationally- Born Postsecondary Students’ Perspectives","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TESL Canada Journal","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Acculturation; Politeness; Outreach; Likert scale; Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Language proficiency; Qualitative research; Immigration; Social psychology; Ethnic group; Political science; Social science; Developmental psychology; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005757054,0.00008969009,0.0001622146,0.0002070565,0.0003772637,0.00005989556,0.0004559046,0.00003629419,0.0232413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007297926,0.00009603098,0.00003470755,0.0002493383,0.00006065836,0.0001041945,0.00001665114,0.0003040003,0.000002972549],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006016342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06994563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983327,0.0001906814,0.0002978826,0.0001197672,0.000702553,0.0003563679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987087,0.0001525409,0.0001341016,0.00009805829,0.0003666621,0.000539928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002105134,0.0001225904,0.7136469,0.00001480453,0.00007782332,0.00002760448,0.1501059,0.0002188984,0.00003404159,0.01180616,0.1150182,0.008905987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001980177,0.00001043483,0.8133893,0.00001766904,0.000005041293,0.000008839109,0.07184434,0.00004235105,0.000002880853,0.00007970227,0.1142982,0.000103261],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9681594,0.0005633341,0.000005595707,0.01416232,0.0007940001,0.00009143028,0.00006927948,0.000004033495,0.01615058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878514,0.00005444099,0.00005201331,0.01054443,0.0003770359,0.000002730743,0.000005444694,0.000008227745,0.001104219],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09974238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01401232758781407,"score_gpt":0.3552152153367835,"score_spread":0.3412028877489694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}