{"id":"W2141996720","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.012","title":"Causal inferences: Identical twins help and clarity about necessary assumptions is critical","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science & Medicine","topic":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute on Aging; Grand Challenges Canada; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Estimation; Ordinary least squares; Endowment; Econometrics; Demographic economics; Psychology; Demography; Economics; Developmental psychology; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.2726789,0.001402668,0.003334436,0.003823757,0.007956513,0.007642575,0.008301874,0.01106038,0.008794591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.6584276,0.002033097,0.002674851,0.002035498,0.03153018,0.02988224,0.008530971,0.02526991,0.0008666782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003044234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007953378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004502738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004439288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8062426,0.1530824,0.01326919,0.01383766,0.0112657,0.002302541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.2747594,0.6418218,0.01689005,0.04940566,0.01426354,0.002859605],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004390868,0.0001017563,0.00588478,0.0007282554,0.0009351328,0.002428752,0.01082018,0.001076293,0.000292633,0.9076742,0.01487461,0.05474437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007736882,0.00001536161,0.0006791842,0.0003272369,0.0001642096,0.0008102104,0.001096156,0.003317951,0.0003054853,0.9880009,0.00517399,0.00003197609],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02614331,0.006839323,0.6300019,0.3064291,0.009334454,0.0008551024,0.0005330172,0.0002579374,0.0196058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6324663,0.003347366,0.3033462,0.04795692,0.008039249,0.001614862,0.0002387722,0.0002021822,0.002788152],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7273211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8969164,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09821738807619408,"score_gpt":0.4487486957094679,"score_spread":0.3505313076332738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}